Are you aware that all organisms, even the largest, start their life from a single cell? You may wonder how a single cell then goes on to form such large organisms. Growth and reproduction are characteristics of cells, indeed of all living organisms. All cells reproduce by dividing into two, with each parental cell giving […]
CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 Read More »
There is a wide diversity in living organisms in our biosphere. Now a question that arises in our minds is: Are all living organisms made of the same chemicals, i.e., elements and compounds? You have learnt in chemistry how elemental analysis is performed. If we perform such an analysis on a plant tissue, animal tissue
BIOMOLECULES | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 9 Read More »
When you look around, you see both living and non-living things. You must have wondered and asked yourself – ‘what is it that makes an organism living, or what is it that an inanimate thing does not have which a living thing has’ ? The answer to this is the presence of the basic unit
CELL: THE UNIT OF LIFE | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 8 Read More »
In the preceding chapters you came across a large variety of organisms, both unicellular and multicellular, of the animal kingdom. In unicellular organisms, all functions like digestion, respiration and reproduction are performed by a single cell. In the complex body of multicellular animals the same basic functions are carried out by different groups of cells
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 7 Read More »
You can very easily see the structural similarities and variations in the external morphology of the larger living organism, both plants and animals. Similarly, if we were to study the internal structure, one also finds several similarities as well as differences. This chapter introduces you to the internal structure and functional organisation of higher plants.
ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 Read More »
The wide range in the structure of higher plants will never fail to fascinate us. Even though the angiosperms show such a large diversity in external structure or morphology, they are all characterised by presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. In chapters 2 and 3, we talked about classification of plants based on
MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 Read More »
When you look around, you will observe different animals with different structures and forms. As over a million species of animals have been described till now, the need for classification becomes all the more important. The classification also helps in assigning a systematic position to newly described species. 4.1 BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION Inspite of differences
ANIMAL KINGDOM | NCERT | BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4 Read More »
In the previous chapter, we looked at the broad classification of living organisms under the system proposed by Whittaker (1969) wherein he suggested the Five Kingdom classification viz. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae. In this chapter, we will deal in detail with further classification within Kingdom Plantae popularly known as the ‘plant kingdom’. We
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Since the dawn of civilisation, there have been many attempts to classify living organisms. It was done instinctively not using criteria that were scientific but borne out of a need to use organisms for our own use – for food, shelter and clothing. Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification.
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION | NCERT | BIOLOGY Chapter 2 Read More »
How wonderful is the living world ! The wide range of living types is amazing. The extraordinary habitats in which we find living organisms, be it cold mountains, deciduous forests, oceans, fresh water lakes, deserts or hot springs, leave us speechless. The beauty of a galloping horse, of the migrating birds, the valley of flowers
THE LIVING WORLD | NCERT | BIOLOGY Chapter 1 Read More »
